Dive Brief:

• A California district court has certified a class of approximately 5 million people who once applied to Walmart in a suit alleging background check violations (Pitre v. Walmart Stores, Inc., No. 17-cv-01281 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 17, 2019)).
• The lawsuit alleges that Walmart willfully included extraneous information in disclosure forms and procured investigative reports without informing class members of their right to request a written summary of their rights under California and federal law.
• The court concluded that the proposed class met the requirements for certification and also agreed to add two additional class representatives.

Dive Insight:

Walmart is now one of several employers that have recently faced allegations of improper background check procedures, in violation of the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) and/or state law.

Delta recently paid $2.3 million to settle a class action involving approximately 44,000 applicants. Like Walmart, Delta was accused of (among other things) including extraneous information on its disclosure forms. Frito-Lay and Target have paid out multi-million dollar background check settlements as well within the past year.

The FCRA has specific rules employers must follow. A disclosure form, for example, must consist of only the legally required disclosure. Multi-state employers often try to consolidate and standardize their compliance efforts to satisfy the requirements of multiple jurisdictions, but where background checks are concerned this move can backfire. As these employers recently found, a single problematic background check form can give rise to a costly class action involving thousands of plaintiffs. 

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Fair Trade Commission (FTC) have jointly issued background check guidance for employers, suggesting some best practices:

• Treat everyone equally; it's illegal to base a background check on the applicant's race, religion, age or other protected characteristic.
• Except in rare circumstances, don't seek to obtain genetic information from applicants.
• Follow the procedures required by the FCRA before you start compiling background information, including notifying the applicant in advance and getting the required written permission.
• Take special care when basing employment decisions on background factors that may be more common among applicants within a certain protected group. 
• Be prepared to make exceptions for problems revealed during a background check that may be caused by a disability.
• Follow additional required procedures when you reject an applicant on the basis of information uncovered by the background check.
• Be sure you satisfy recordkeeping and disposal rules relating to background check results.

Employers should note that the law has additional requirements and that state and local laws may apply as well.